About the author
Anna Röll
HbA1c Test: Levels, Monitoring & Blood Sugar Control
The HbA1c test provides insight into your average blood sugar levels over the previous two to three months. Unlike a standard blood glucose test, which reflects your blood sugar at a specific moment, HbA1c offers a longer-term view and is mainly used to monitor blood sugar control in people with diabetes.
This guide explains how the HbA1c test works, how results are interpreted, which factors can affect your values, how often testing may be recommended, and what can help support healthy blood sugar management.
Table of Contents
- What is the HbA1c test?
- Why is the HbA1c test important?
- Normal and elevated HbA1c values
- Who should take the test?
- When and how often should the HbA1c test be performed?
- Are there factors that can affect HbA1c results?
- What is the difference between an HbA1c test and a blood glucose test?
- How can I lower my HbA1c level?
- Summary
What is the HbA1c test?
The HbA1c test is a blood test that measures the average blood glucose level over the past 8–12 weeks. It analyzes how much sugar (glucose) is bound to hemoglobin, a component of red blood cells. The HbA1c value (long-term blood sugar) is expressed as a percentage or in millimoles per mole (mmol/mol) and is also known as the A1c test (MedlinePlus, 2022).
How is the HbA1c test performed?
The HbA1c test is quick and simple to perform: a small blood sample is taken – either from a vein at a doctor’s office or via a finger prick at home with a home test kit. The sample is analyzed in a laboratory, where the percentage of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is measured. The test requires no preparation and can be carried out at any time of day, regardless of meals.
Why is the HbA1c test important?
The HbA1c test is mainly used to monitor blood sugar control in people who have already been diagnosed with diabetes. It reflects the average blood glucose level over approximately the previous 3 months and helps assess whether treatment goals are being met. According to the NHG, HbA1c should not be used to detect or diagnose diabetes.
Source: NHG, 2026
Normal and elevated HbA1c values
According to the NHG Standard Diabetes mellitus type 2, HbA1c should not be used to screen for or diagnose diabetes mellitus. Diagnosis is based on plasma glucose measurements. HbA1c is mainly used after diagnosis to monitor glycaemic control and guide treatment.
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | Who this applies to |
|---|---|
| ≤ 53 | Most patients < 70 years |
| ≤ 53 | Patients ≥ 70 years who are still on relatively simple glucose-lowering treatment |
| 54–58 | Patients ≥ 70 years who need more intensive medication treatment and have had diabetes for < 10 years |
| 54–64 | Patients ≥ 70 years who need more intensive medication treatment and have had diabetes for ≥ 10 years |
| 53–69 | Frail older adults or patients with a life expectancy < 5 years |
Source: NHG, 2026
Who should take the test?
The HbA1c test is a vital tool for long-term monitoring of blood sugar levels. It is especially important for certain risk groups and individuals with existing health concerns.
- People with diagnosed type 2 diabetes: HbA1c is checked as part of regular follow-up, including the annual diabetes check.
- People using insulin several times a day: HbA1c is generally measured every 3–6 months, depending on glucose control.
Source: NHG, 2026
When and how often should the HbA1c test be performed?
According to the NHG guideline, HbA1c should be measured at least once a year as part of the annual diabetes review. In patients using insulin multiple times per day, HbA1c should be measured more frequently, every 3 or 6 months (NHG, 2026).
Are there factors that can affect HbA1c results?
Yes, various factors can influence the accuracy of HbA1c values. Conditions that affect the lifespan of red blood cells – such as anemia, hemoglobinopathies (genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia), or chronic kidney disease – can either increase or decrease HbA1c levels. Vitamin B12 deficiency or iron deficiency can also affect the result. Certain medications, including corticosteroids or specific antihypertensives, may have an impact as well. Additionally, significant blood loss or recent blood transfusions can lead to inaccurate results. Therefore, it is important to interpret the HbA1c value in the context of individual health and in conjunction with other laboratory results.
(DiabetesUK, 2024).
What is the difference between an HbA1c test and a blood glucose test?
An HbA1c test measures the average blood glucose level over the past 2–3 months, while a blood glucose test measures the current level of sugar in the blood at a specific moment. The HbA1c test provides a long-term overview, whereas a blood glucose test reflects short-term fluctuations, for example after meals or in a fasting state. Both tests complement each other to provide a complete picture of blood sugar control.
Do you want to get tested?
With the HbA1c blood sugar test from Homed-IQ, you can conveniently test your HbA1c level from the comfort of your home – simple, discreet, and reliable.
In addition to this test, Homed-IQ offers other tests that target common risk factors. The heart disease blood test helps you better understand your cardiovascular health by measuring key biomarkers such as cholesterol and inflammation levels. The weight balance test analyzes metabolic markers such as insulin and thyroid hormones, which are critical for weight and metabolism. All tests are analyzed in ISO-certified laboratories. Start today and gain valuable insights into your health – no doctor’s visit required!
How can I lower my HbA1c level?
An adequate HbA1c level is essential not only for people with diabetes, but also for anyone who takes their health seriously and wants to reduce the risk of diabetes-related conditions. A holistic approach that takes both medical and lifestyle factors into account is key:
- Professional education: Participating in specialized diabetes education programs and seminars allows for a deeper understanding of the condition. This can help you better understand the latest findings and proven management strategies and incorporate them into everyday life.
- Physical activity: Regular exercise, adapted to individual abilities and preferences, can play an important role in stabilizing blood sugar levels and effectively reducing HbA1c.
- Smoking cessation: Quitting smoking has a wide range of health benefits. For people with diabetes in particular, avoiding tobacco may contribute to improved blood sugar control.
- Dietary adjustments: A balanced diet that is rich in vitamins and minerals and low in processed carbohydrates can make an important contribution to keeping blood sugar levels stable.
Especially when medication is involved, any adjustments should be made in close consultation with the treating physician.
Source: NHS, 2026
Summary
HbA1c is an important marker for understanding long-term blood sugar control and monitoring diabetes management. Because the result reflects several weeks rather than a single moment, it provides a broader picture than a standard glucose measurement.
However, HbA1c values can be influenced by factors such as certain health conditions, nutrient deficiencies, medications, blood loss, and transfusions. Understanding your results alongside other health information can provide a more complete picture of blood sugar control.
At-home testing with laboratory accuracy
Our medical laboratories operate according to strict European quality standards. All tests are analysed by ISO-certified partner labs, giving you reliable and professional results. With the comfort of your home.